VIRTUALIZATION

What is Virtualization?

Virtualization is the process of introducing a layer of software in a computer system, immediately above the hardware it runs on, with the purpose of creating a platform that everything else can use. Think for a moment about the system of roads in your area. They provide a flat, consistent surface that can be traversed by any type of vehicle. If they didn't exist, vehicles would have to travel on the bumpy dirt surface of the Earth. Some vehicles wouldn't have a problem with this, because they are designed to work in that environment. Others, though, would find progress slow if not impossible. Virtualization levels the play field and makes it possible for capabilities that wouldn't normally exist to become commonplace.

How is Virtualization Used?

Today, the most common use of virtualization, and likely the one you are familiar with, is the virtual machine. A virtual machine is a software-based version of a personal computer. It provides access to various peripherals, and software packages, just like its hardware-based equivalent. Other types of virtualization include:

Server - in this type of virtualization, a server is installed on a virtual machine, and several may run on a single hardware platform. Mac, Linux, and Windows servers can exist in this form.

Presentation - in this type of virtualization, processing is off-loaded to a remote computer system, and only visual elements are handled at the workstation. Companies like Citrix (Met) and Microsoft (Terminal Services) are examples of this.

Network - in this type of virtualization, network functions, such as switching and protocol analysis, are implement in software. Companies like Cisco offer products of this type.

Storage - in this type of virtualization, traditional storage devices, hard drive and disk arrays, are combined into a single, seamless entity. Companies like Amazon (AWS), Microsoft (Azure), and IBM (Smart Cloud) offer products of this type

Operating System Virtualization terminology

Host: The Operating System on which the Virtualization software solution runs is called the host.

Guest: The Operating System which is run inside the Virtualization software is called the guest.

Installing a Virtual machine

Will first install Virtual Box as hypervisor

Base OS is Windows 7 

Guest OS will be Ubuntu  14.04

Installing Virtual Box

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BROWSE

                                                  WEB-BROWSER

DEFINITION:

Web browsers are basically software programs that allow you to search for and view various kinds of information on the World Wide Web, such as web sites, video, audio, etc.

Technically, a web browser is a client program that uses HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) to make requests of Web servers throughout the internet on behalf of the browser user.

FUNCTION OF WEB BROWSER

The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user, allowing them to view the information, and then access other information.

TYPES OF WEB-BROWSERS:

There are different web browsers that are available and in use today, and they all come with a variety of features. . Some of the available web browsers include:

         Microsoft internet explorer

         Mozilla fire fox

         Google chrome

SEARCH ENGINE

Search Engine refers to a huge database of internet resources such as web pages, newsgroups, programs, images etc. It helps to locate information on World Wide Web.

User can search for any information by passing query in form of keywords or phrase. It then searches for relevant information in its database and return to the user.

Search Engine Components

Generally there are three basic components of a search engine as listed below:

1.      Web Crawler

2.      Database

3.      Search Interfaces

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NETWORK

What is a Computer Network?

A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each other to share information and resources.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER NETWORK

Share Resources from one computer to another

Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the other computer(s) connected over the network

Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer within the network and let other computers of the network use the machines available over network.

Following is the list of hardware's required to setup a computer network.

Network Cables

Distributors

Routers

Internal Network Cards

External Network Cards

TYPE OF COMPUTER NETWORK

There are three type of computer network according area coverage and technology used

LAN: Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)

Technology used wired

MAN: Network in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Technology used fiber optic or macro wave

WAN: Network spread geographically (Country or across Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)

Technology used satellite

What is Internet?

It is a Global network of computers, (servers or clients) to exchange information.

It is a "network of networks" that includes millions of  private and public, academic, business, and government networks (local or Global), linked by copper wires, wireless connections, and other technologies 

What is Intranet?

Internal company network that uses Internet standards (HTML, HTTP & TCP/IP protocols) & software

Accessed only by authorized persons, especially members or employees of the organization

What is Extranet?

Extranet is an Intranet for outside authorized users using same internet technology.

Inter-organizational information system

Enable outsiders to work together with company’s employees.

Open to selected suppliers, customers & other business partners

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WEBSITE

WEBSITE
Website the collection of electronic web page that store organization information
There are two type of webpage
Static webpage
Dynamic webpage

Static Websites

Static websites are also known as flat or stationary websites. They are loaded on the client’s browser as exactly they are stored on the web server. Such websites contain only static information. User can only read the information but can’t do any modification or interact with the information.

Static websites are created using only HTML. Static websites are only used when the information is no more required to be modified.

Dynamic Websites

Dynamic websites shows different information at different point of time. It is possible to change a portion of a web page without loading the entire web page. It has been made possible using Ajax technology, php.

REQUIREMENT OF WEB SITE
Domain name and register
Web Host
Web/Blog design

TOOLS FOR CREATING WEB SITE
Text Based editor
what you see is what you get
Template Based Editor

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OFFICE 2007

Install Office 2007

1. Insert your Office 2007 CD into the drive. If the setup wizard doesn’t start automatically, navigate to the CD drive and click SETUP.EXE.

          NOTE: If you don’t have a CD, you can download and install Office with your product key

     2.When prompted, enter the product key.

    3.Read and accept the Microsoft Software License Terms, and then click Continue.

   

  4.Follow the prompts and after Office installs, click Close.

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WINDOW 7 INSTALLATION

 DEAR STUDENT DOWNLOAD HERE NOOKS INSTALLATION OF WINDOW 7

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Mail merge

Mail Merge Wizard
 1) To start a mail merge, open Microsoft Word 2007, and click on the Mailings tab.

 2) Find the Start Mail Merge button under the Mailings tab and click the arrow beside it. Choose the last option, Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard.

 3) This brings up the task pane as shown below. Select Letters (or whatever type you suits the job your working on) as the type of document and then click on the Next: Starting document link at the bottom of the task pane to go to the next step to select your starting document.

 4) At this point you have options to use the current document you have open, to select a template, or to browse to an existing document not open. For this example we will start from a template. Select Start from a template. This brings up a link you click on to Select template.

 5) This will open the Select Template dialog box. Select the Letters tab and choose Oriel Merge Letter. Click Ok. This will take you to the next step in the Mail Merge process which you will select recipients.

 6) Select Use an existing list and click on the Browse link. Locate and open the file containing your data source. Your data source can be anything from a database holding thousands of records to a simple spreadsheet that contain 10 names. For this exercise I will use a existing test spreadsheet.

 7) This will open a dialog box in which you can select the table (the named range defined within Excel) containing the mail merge recipients info you want to pull into the merge fields in your document. Select whatever you named the range in your spreadsheet containing the names and addresses you want to use for the mail merge ("attendees" is the defined range selected as shown below so I will use this in my example).

 8) Important: Be sure to check the box indicating that the First row of data contains column headers so that the field labels (Last Name, First Name, Address1, etc.) on your spreadsheet won¿t be mistaken for data. This opens the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box shown below. Here you can select which recipients to include or deselect by unchecking the check box by the name.

 9) You can sort and filter the list using the drop-down list located on each field name indicated by the triangular black arrow. Note there are also links to Sort and Filter or Find Duplicates and recipients in the Refine recipient list section. Click on the link Next: Write your letter to move onto the next step to edit the mail merge template letter content.

 10) Notice that the Address Block and Greeting Line fields are already inserted into this template letter. If you weren¿t using a pre-formatted mail merge letter, you would just simply click on the links on the right to insert the Address block, Greeting line, or more items (more merge fields). You also have these same options on the Mailings toolbar at the top¿you don¿t have to use the wizard each time you do a mail merge. Pick the date and replace the letter content with your own and then go on to the next step to preview your letters by clicking on the link at the bottom of the task pane.



 11) When you click on the Address block link, the following dialog box appears in which you can choose the format of the address. Also, you can click on the Match Fields button to match the missing address field (the Match Fields button is also on the Mailings tab in the Write and Insert Fields grouping).

 12) When you click on the Match Fields button Word brings up the following dialog box. Use the Address 1 drop-down list to select the Street field name from the Excel spreadsheet.

 13) Please note that you have buttons on both the Preview Results group on the Mailings ribbon as well as the task pane to look at different recipient info before going on to the next step to complete the merge. This will help you verify that all of your information has been entered correctly.

 14) You can then click on the link, Next: Complete the merge, which the following message will appear:
 15) Next, click on the link Edit individual letters which you can see from the screen tip is the link to Merge to new document. This is also a button on the Finish & Merge on the drop-down list on the Mailings Ribbon.

 16) The Print link on the Task Pane or Print Documents on the Ribbon drop-down list allows you to merge directly to the printer. When you click on the link to edit the letters, the following dialog box appears:

 17) You can choose whether to merge all or selected records. Click OK and then a new merged document entitled Letters1 is created. It contains the individual letters for each recipient. If you look at the status bar, you will see that it indicates multiple letters. At this point you have completed a mail merge in Word 2007. When finished you can always save this document you created for future reference.

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